Bibliography
Primary Sources
Burton, Richard Francis. A mission to Gelele: King of Dahome. 2nd ed. Vol. 1. London: Tinsley Brothers, 1864.
Burton, Richard Francis. A mission to Gelele: King of Dahome. 2nd ed. Vol. 2. London: Tinsley Brothers, 1864.
Chaudoin, E. Trois mois de captivité au Dahomey. Paris: Hachette, 1891. https://archive.org/details/troismoisdecapt00chaugoog.
"Dahomey Amazons to Visit Dahomey." Pall Mall Gazette (London), October 23, 1890. Accessed April 1, 2017. http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9E04E2DC113BE533A25750C2A9669D94619ED7CF.
Dalzel, Archibald. The History of Dahomey: an Inland Kingdom of Africa. London: Frank Cass & Co, 1967.
"England in Dahomey." The New York Times, October 18, 1863, US Edition ed., News sec. Accessed March 19, 2017. http://www.nytimes.com/1863/10/18/news/england-in-dahomey.html.
"France and Dahomey: Native Attacks Threatened on their Territory Held by the French." The New York Times, April 1, 1892. Accessed March 26, 2017. http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9C0DE0DD1438E233A25752C0A9629C94639ED7CF.
Herskovits, Melville J. "A Note on ‘Woman Marriage’ in Dahomey." Africa: Journal of the International African Institute 10, no. 03 (July 1937): 335-41. Accessed February 19, 2015. doi: 10.2307/1155299.
Herskovits, Melville J. Dahomey, an Ancient West African Kingdom. New York City: J.J. Augustin, 1938.
"The Amazons: How the Dahomey Female Warriors Assaulted a Town." Spokane Daily Chronicle, June 17, 1892. Accessed July 1, 2017. https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1338&dat=18920617&id=0KZXAAAAIBAJ&sjid=yfMDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6885,6443604.
Secondary Sources
Ali, Linda, and John Siblon. "Black Presence: Asian and Black History in Britain." The National Archives. Accessed April 15, 2017. http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/blackhistory/rights/abolition.htm.
Alpern, Stanley B. Amazons of black Sparta: the women warriors of Dahomey. Washington Square, New York: C. Hurst & Co., 2012.
Alpern, Stanley B. “On the Origins of the Amazons of Dahomey.” History in Africa 25 (January 1, 1998): 9-25.
Bay, Edna. "Dahomey Female Warriors Inquiry." E-mail message to author. May 3, 2013.
Bay, Edna. review of Warrior Women: The Amazons of Dahomey and the Nature of War by Robert B. Edgerton, The International Journal of African Historical Studies 33, no. 2 (2000): 381, accessed September 09, 2013, doi:10.2307/220661.
Bay, Edna . Wives of the Leopard: Gender, Politics, and Culture in the Kingdom of Dahomey. Charlottesville - London: University of Virginia Press, 1998.
Berger, Iris, and E. Frances White. Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: Restoring Women to History. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999.
Blackwood, Evelyn, and Saskia Wieringa. Female Desires. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999.
Bohannan, Laura. "Dahomean Marriage: A Revaluation." Africa 19, no. 04 (1949): 273-87. doi: 10.2307/1156403.
"Cicatrization." Encyclopædia Britannica. Accessed May 15, 2017. https://www.britannica.com/science/cicatrization.
Edgerton, Robert." The International Journal of African Historical Studies 33, no. 2 (2000): 380-81. Accessed September 09, 2013. doi: 10.2307/220661.
Edgerton, Robert B. Warrior Women: The Amazons of Dahomey and the Nature of War. Boulder (Col.): Westview, 2000.
Emsley, Clive, Tim Hitchcock, and Robert Shoemaker. "The Proceedings of the Old Bailey." London History - Currency, Coinage and the Cost of Living - Central Criminal Court. Accessed July 21, 2017. https://www.oldbaileyonline.org/static/Coinage.jsp.
Hay, Margaret Jean., and Sharon Stichter. African women south of the Sahara. Essex: Longman Higher Education, 1996 .
Kaufmann, Chaim D., and Robert A. Pape. "Explaining Costly International Moral Action: Britain's Sixty-year Campaign against the Atlantic Slave Trade." International Organization 53, no. 4 (1999): 631-68. doi: 10.1162/002081899551020.
"Kingdom of Dahomey." Kingdom of Dahomey - New World Encyclopedia. Accessed July 01, 2017. http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Kingdom_of_Dahomey.
Johnson, Ann S. “Garnett's Amazon from Dahomey: Literary Debts in ‘The Sailor's Return’.” Contemporary Literature 14, no. 2 (April 1, 1973): 169-185.
Law, Robin, and King Agaja of Dahomey. “An Alternative Text of King Agaja of Dahomey's Letter to King George I of England, 1726.” History in Africa 29 (January 1, 2002): 257-271.
Law, Robin. "The 'Amazons' of Dahomey." Paideuma: Mitteilungen zur Kulturkunde 39 (1993): 245-60. doi: 10.1017/s0021853700024452.
Laslet, Barbara and Johanna Brenner. "Gender and Social Reproduction: Historical Perspectives." Annual Review of Sociology 15, no. 1 (1989): 381-404. doi: 10.1146/annurev.soc.15.1.381.
Manning, Patrick. "Chapter 4: Slavery and Slave Trade in West Africa, 1450-1930." In The History of African Development, 1-17. Accessed April 1, 2017. https://www.aehnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Manning.Slavery-and-Slave-Trade-in-West-Africa-1450-1930.pdf.
Manning, Patrick. Slavery, Colonialism and Economic Growth in Dahomey: 1640-1960. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982.
Obichere, Boniface I. "Women and slavery in the Kingdom of Dahomey." Revue française dhistoire doutre-mer 65, no. 238 (1978): 5-20. doi: 10.3406/outre.1978.2075.
Pendergast, Sara, Tom Pendergast, and Sarah Hermsen. "Kuba Cloth: Fashion, Costume, and Culture: Clothing, Headwear, Body Decorations, and Footwear through the Ages." Encyclopedia.com . Accessed May 10, 2017. http://www.encyclopedia.com/fashion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/kuba-cloth.
Ross, David. "Mid-Nineteenth Century Dahomey: Recent Views vs. Contemporary Evidence." History in Africa 12 (1985): 307-23. doi:10.2307/3171725.
Ross, David. "The Anti-Slave Trade Theme in Dahoman History: An Examination of the Evidence." History in Africa 9 (1982): 263. doi: 10.2307/3171609.
"The Story of Africa|BBC World Service." BBC News. Accessed July 01, 2017. http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter2.shtml.
Yoder, John C. "Fly and Elephant parties: Political polarization in Dahomey, 1840–1870." The Journal of African History 15, no. 03 (1974): 417. doi: 10.1017/s0021853700013566
Banner Images
"Dahomey Amazons." Digital image. Empire: Total War. Accessed July 1, 2012. http://totalwar.honga.net/temp/empire_units_image/empire/info/maratha/dahomey_amazons_info_infm.png
"Dahomey Amazons." Digital image. Empire: Total War. Accessed July 1, 2012. http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRBYTcfFaTBtyrvGdpkxgZS-rzZD9NuW4jFxHnzwJr1aaM78VioFw&t=1
Dahomey Bas Reliefs. Benin. In Voyage de Marie Jeanne et Daniel. Accessed July 1, 2012. http://amikpon.net/1999-bas_reliefs/Photos/23b.jpg.
Dahomey Throne. In Heritage Auctions. Accessed June 19, 2012. http://images.ha.com/lf?set=path%5B5%2F1%2F3%2F2%2F5132411%5D%2Csizedata%5B450x2000%5D&call=url%5Bfile%3Aproduct.chain%5D.
Burton, Richard Francis. A mission to Gelele: King of Dahome. 2nd ed. Vol. 1. London: Tinsley Brothers, 1864.
Burton, Richard Francis. A mission to Gelele: King of Dahome. 2nd ed. Vol. 2. London: Tinsley Brothers, 1864.
Chaudoin, E. Trois mois de captivité au Dahomey. Paris: Hachette, 1891. https://archive.org/details/troismoisdecapt00chaugoog.
"Dahomey Amazons to Visit Dahomey." Pall Mall Gazette (London), October 23, 1890. Accessed April 1, 2017. http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9E04E2DC113BE533A25750C2A9669D94619ED7CF.
Dalzel, Archibald. The History of Dahomey: an Inland Kingdom of Africa. London: Frank Cass & Co, 1967.
"England in Dahomey." The New York Times, October 18, 1863, US Edition ed., News sec. Accessed March 19, 2017. http://www.nytimes.com/1863/10/18/news/england-in-dahomey.html.
"France and Dahomey: Native Attacks Threatened on their Territory Held by the French." The New York Times, April 1, 1892. Accessed March 26, 2017. http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9C0DE0DD1438E233A25752C0A9629C94639ED7CF.
Herskovits, Melville J. "A Note on ‘Woman Marriage’ in Dahomey." Africa: Journal of the International African Institute 10, no. 03 (July 1937): 335-41. Accessed February 19, 2015. doi: 10.2307/1155299.
Herskovits, Melville J. Dahomey, an Ancient West African Kingdom. New York City: J.J. Augustin, 1938.
"The Amazons: How the Dahomey Female Warriors Assaulted a Town." Spokane Daily Chronicle, June 17, 1892. Accessed July 1, 2017. https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1338&dat=18920617&id=0KZXAAAAIBAJ&sjid=yfMDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6885,6443604.
Secondary Sources
Ali, Linda, and John Siblon. "Black Presence: Asian and Black History in Britain." The National Archives. Accessed April 15, 2017. http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/blackhistory/rights/abolition.htm.
Alpern, Stanley B. Amazons of black Sparta: the women warriors of Dahomey. Washington Square, New York: C. Hurst & Co., 2012.
Alpern, Stanley B. “On the Origins of the Amazons of Dahomey.” History in Africa 25 (January 1, 1998): 9-25.
Bay, Edna. "Dahomey Female Warriors Inquiry." E-mail message to author. May 3, 2013.
Bay, Edna. review of Warrior Women: The Amazons of Dahomey and the Nature of War by Robert B. Edgerton, The International Journal of African Historical Studies 33, no. 2 (2000): 381, accessed September 09, 2013, doi:10.2307/220661.
Bay, Edna . Wives of the Leopard: Gender, Politics, and Culture in the Kingdom of Dahomey. Charlottesville - London: University of Virginia Press, 1998.
Berger, Iris, and E. Frances White. Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: Restoring Women to History. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999.
Blackwood, Evelyn, and Saskia Wieringa. Female Desires. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999.
Bohannan, Laura. "Dahomean Marriage: A Revaluation." Africa 19, no. 04 (1949): 273-87. doi: 10.2307/1156403.
"Cicatrization." Encyclopædia Britannica. Accessed May 15, 2017. https://www.britannica.com/science/cicatrization.
Edgerton, Robert." The International Journal of African Historical Studies 33, no. 2 (2000): 380-81. Accessed September 09, 2013. doi: 10.2307/220661.
Edgerton, Robert B. Warrior Women: The Amazons of Dahomey and the Nature of War. Boulder (Col.): Westview, 2000.
Emsley, Clive, Tim Hitchcock, and Robert Shoemaker. "The Proceedings of the Old Bailey." London History - Currency, Coinage and the Cost of Living - Central Criminal Court. Accessed July 21, 2017. https://www.oldbaileyonline.org/static/Coinage.jsp.
Hay, Margaret Jean., and Sharon Stichter. African women south of the Sahara. Essex: Longman Higher Education, 1996 .
Kaufmann, Chaim D., and Robert A. Pape. "Explaining Costly International Moral Action: Britain's Sixty-year Campaign against the Atlantic Slave Trade." International Organization 53, no. 4 (1999): 631-68. doi: 10.1162/002081899551020.
"Kingdom of Dahomey." Kingdom of Dahomey - New World Encyclopedia. Accessed July 01, 2017. http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Kingdom_of_Dahomey.
Johnson, Ann S. “Garnett's Amazon from Dahomey: Literary Debts in ‘The Sailor's Return’.” Contemporary Literature 14, no. 2 (April 1, 1973): 169-185.
Law, Robin, and King Agaja of Dahomey. “An Alternative Text of King Agaja of Dahomey's Letter to King George I of England, 1726.” History in Africa 29 (January 1, 2002): 257-271.
Law, Robin. "The 'Amazons' of Dahomey." Paideuma: Mitteilungen zur Kulturkunde 39 (1993): 245-60. doi: 10.1017/s0021853700024452.
Laslet, Barbara and Johanna Brenner. "Gender and Social Reproduction: Historical Perspectives." Annual Review of Sociology 15, no. 1 (1989): 381-404. doi: 10.1146/annurev.soc.15.1.381.
Manning, Patrick. "Chapter 4: Slavery and Slave Trade in West Africa, 1450-1930." In The History of African Development, 1-17. Accessed April 1, 2017. https://www.aehnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Manning.Slavery-and-Slave-Trade-in-West-Africa-1450-1930.pdf.
Manning, Patrick. Slavery, Colonialism and Economic Growth in Dahomey: 1640-1960. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982.
Obichere, Boniface I. "Women and slavery in the Kingdom of Dahomey." Revue française dhistoire doutre-mer 65, no. 238 (1978): 5-20. doi: 10.3406/outre.1978.2075.
Pendergast, Sara, Tom Pendergast, and Sarah Hermsen. "Kuba Cloth: Fashion, Costume, and Culture: Clothing, Headwear, Body Decorations, and Footwear through the Ages." Encyclopedia.com . Accessed May 10, 2017. http://www.encyclopedia.com/fashion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/kuba-cloth.
Ross, David. "Mid-Nineteenth Century Dahomey: Recent Views vs. Contemporary Evidence." History in Africa 12 (1985): 307-23. doi:10.2307/3171725.
Ross, David. "The Anti-Slave Trade Theme in Dahoman History: An Examination of the Evidence." History in Africa 9 (1982): 263. doi: 10.2307/3171609.
"The Story of Africa|BBC World Service." BBC News. Accessed July 01, 2017. http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter2.shtml.
Yoder, John C. "Fly and Elephant parties: Political polarization in Dahomey, 1840–1870." The Journal of African History 15, no. 03 (1974): 417. doi: 10.1017/s0021853700013566
Banner Images
"Dahomey Amazons." Digital image. Empire: Total War. Accessed July 1, 2012. http://totalwar.honga.net/temp/empire_units_image/empire/info/maratha/dahomey_amazons_info_infm.png
"Dahomey Amazons." Digital image. Empire: Total War. Accessed July 1, 2012. http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRBYTcfFaTBtyrvGdpkxgZS-rzZD9NuW4jFxHnzwJr1aaM78VioFw&t=1
Dahomey Bas Reliefs. Benin. In Voyage de Marie Jeanne et Daniel. Accessed July 1, 2012. http://amikpon.net/1999-bas_reliefs/Photos/23b.jpg.
Dahomey Throne. In Heritage Auctions. Accessed June 19, 2012. http://images.ha.com/lf?set=path%5B5%2F1%2F3%2F2%2F5132411%5D%2Csizedata%5B450x2000%5D&call=url%5Bfile%3Aproduct.chain%5D.